中文名: 莫里斯·明科夫斯基
外文名: Maurycy Minkowski
国籍: 波兰
出生地: 波兰华沙
出生日期: 1881
逝世地: 阿根廷布宜诺斯艾利斯
逝世日期: 1930
艺术家简介

里斯·明科夫斯基(Maurycy Minkowski,1881,华沙——1930.11.23,布宜诺斯艾利斯)是一位犹太血统的波兰画家,以所画的二战之前的犹太小村落中的日常生活的风俗场景而闻名于世。

他出生在一个富裕之家。但是幼年时的一场疾病使得他变成了聋哑人。在他七岁的时候,他加入了“听障协会(Institute for the Deaf)”并且展现出了他在绘画上的天分,这也鼓励了他的父母为他支付更多私人课程的学费。在1901年的时候,他开始了在克拉科夫美术学院(the Kraków Academy of Fine Arts)的正式学习,在那里的时候他是约泽夫·梅霍弗(Józef Mehoffer)、贾恩·斯坦尼斯(Jan Stanisławski)以及Leon Wyczółkowski的学生。他在1905年的时候毕业了,并且获得了金奖。

在得知了敖德萨发生的大屠杀事件之后,他边动身前去以便用一系列的绘画记录下这一事件。在这之后,他在整个德国和奥地利进行了一次游学,并且最后回到了华沙。然而,他却只逗留了很短的一段时间,然后就在1908年去了巴黎,他在那里结了婚,并且决定要永远的定居在那里,但是他却频繁的回到波兰参加在卡齐米日·多尼(Kazimierz Dolny)、斯尼亚滕(Sniatyn)以及克拉斯尼克(Kraśnik)户外的绘画工作室。他的左右有在维尔纽斯(Vilnius)和Łódź以及Zachęta展出。

在1930年十一月初,他去到阿根廷(Argentina)帮忙准备他第一次在海外的展览。但是就在当月月末,因为不能听到一辆驶来的出租车的鸣笛,特被撞身亡。在阿根廷犹太协会(the Jewish Association of Argentina)的支持下,这次的展览就像是用他的作品在对他进行致敬。1931年,成立了一个委员会来筹集资金购买他的作品。

达1942年的时候,他的大量作品被拍卖。大部分的作品都被一个名为IWO的基金会(Fundación IWO)(YIVO的阿根廷分支)所购买,并且被收藏在了阿根廷犹太人互助协会(the Asociación Mutual Israelita Argentina)之中。他有一小部分作品是被损毁了,还有一些作品是在1994年这座建筑物受到轰炸的时候遭受了不同程度的损害,并且还有85人死亡。这些幸存下来的作品在2011年的时候在爱德华多·西维里博物馆(the Eduardo Sívori Museum)展出。


Maurycy Minkowski (1881, Warsaw - 23 November 1930, Buenos Aires) was a Polish painter of Jewish ancestry, best-known for his genre scenes of daily life in the shtetls.

He was born to a wealthy family. An illness that he had when he was a small child left him deaf and dumb. At the age of seven, he entered the "Institute for the Deaf" and showed an early talent for drawing, which encouraged his parents to pay for private lessons. In 1901, he began his formal studies at the Kraków Academy of Fine Arts, where he was a student of Józef Mehoffer, Jan Stanisławski and Leon Wyczółkowski. He graduated in 1905 with a gold medal.

Having been informed of the pogroms taking place in Odessa, he went there to document the events with a series of drawings. After that, he made a study trip through Germany and Austria and returned to Warsaw. He stayed for only a short time however, then went to Paris in 1908, where he got married and decided to settle permanently, although he frequently went back to Poland to participate in open-air painting workshops in Kazimierz Dolny, Sniatyn and Kraśnik. His paintings were exhibited in Vilnius and Łódź, as well as at the Zachęta.

In early November of 1930, he went to Argentina to help prepare the first overseas exhibition of his paintings. Later that month, unable to hear the honking of an oncoming taxi, he was struck and killed. The exhibition was presented as a posthumous tribute to his work, under the aegis of the Jewish Association of Argentina. In 1931, a committee was established to raise funds for the purchase of his works.

In 1942, a great majority of his works were auctioned off. Most were purchased by the "Fundación IWO" (the Argentine branch of YIVO) and were stored at the Asociación Mutual Israelita Argentina. A few of the paintings were destroyed and many suffered some degree of damage in 1994, when the building was bombed, killing 85 people. The surviving paintings were exhibited at the Eduardo Sívori Museum in 2011.

——artlib翻译整理